Is Iceland's Tap Water Safe to Drink?

Iceland's Tap Water Quality

Iceland ranks near the top globally in terms of water quality. With a score of 98.5 on the 2024 Environmental Performance Index (EPI), Iceland ranks 10th globally for drinking water safety, just behind countries like Finland, Norway, and Switzerland.

Unlike many countries, where tap water undergoes heavy chemical treatment, Icelandic water receives minimal processing. Most of it simply receives UV treatment or light chlorination, just enough to ensure safety without changing the natural taste.

What makes Iceland's ranking even more notable is that the water isn't just safe; it tastes good. The water has a clean, crisp taste, free from the chemical aftertaste often associated with heavily treated water systems. The mineral content is relatively low, making it "soft" water that's gentle on skin and hair.

Minimal Treatment

Unlike most countries, where water goes through extensive filtration, chlorination, and chemical treatments, Iceland's approach is simple:

1. Water is pumped from protected groundwater sources
2. It receives UV treatment to eliminate any potential bacteria
3. In some areas, a small amount of chlorine might be added
4. The water is delivered directly to homes and businesses

This minimal processing keeps the natural taste and quality of the water. There's no need for fluoride or other additives commonly found in tap water elsewhere.

How Iceland Compares to Other Countries

Why Is Iceland's Tap Water So Clean?

Iceland's excellent water quality comes from several natural advantages and careful management.

Geological Factors

Iceland sits on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, where the North American and Eurasian tectonic plates meet. This creates ideal conditions for clean water. When rain and glacier melt seep into the ground, they filter through layers of volcanic rock.

This natural filtration removes impurities and adds minerals. The porous basalt rock acts like a giant filter, cleaning the water while keeping its natural purity.

Low Population and Industrial Impact

With just over 395,000 people in an area slightly smaller than the state of Kentucky, Iceland has one of the lowest population densities in Europe. This means less human activity that could contaminate water sources.

Additionally, Iceland generates nearly 100% of its electricity from renewable sources, including hydroelectric and geothermal power, thereby reducing the risk of industrial pollution.

Strict Regulation

The Icelandic Environmental Agency and Ministry of Health maintain strict standards for water quality. Regular testing ensures the water meets both local and international safety guidelines.

Water companies like Reykjavík Energy (Orkuveita Reykjavíkur) and Reykjavík's water utility (Veitur) regularly monitor water quality, ensuring it remains clean from source to tap.

Where Does Iceland's Tap Water Come From?

Iceland's tap water starts in some of the cleanest environments on earth.

Glacial Origins

Approximately 11% of Iceland is covered by glaciers, including Vatnajökull, the largest ice cap in Europe. These ice formations store water in its purest form, which gradually melts and feeds the country's groundwater system.

As this glacial meltwater moves through Iceland's volcanic landscape, it picks up small amounts of minerals while leaving behind impurities. The result is naturally clean water before it even reaches treatment facilities.

Underground Aquifers

Most of Iceland's drinking water (about 95%) comes from underground aquifers, natural reservoirs of water stored in permeable rock. These aquifers are constantly refilled by rainfall and glacial melt that filters through layers of volcanic rock.

The water from these aquifers is so pure that it often needs minimal treatment before reaching your tap. In some areas, the water might travel from a glacier to an underground aquifer to your glass in just a few weeks.

Drinking from Natural Sources in Iceland

While tap water in Iceland is excellent, many visitors ask about drinking directly from the country's natural water sources.

Glacier Water Safety

Water flowing directly from glaciers, such as Vatnajökull, is generally safe to drink. The freezing process naturally purifies water, and most glacial streams in Iceland are far from sources of contamination.

When drinking from glacial sources:

• Choose fast-flowing, clear streams rather than still pools
• Avoid areas with visible sediment or cloudiness
• Be careful near the edges of glaciers where animal activity might occur

River Considerations

Many of Iceland's rivers come from glacial meltwater or spring water, making them generally safe for drinking. Rivers like Þjórsá and Ölfusá offer clean water, especially in their upper reaches away from farms or settlements.

When drinking from rivers:

• Stick to upstream locations away from human activity
• Look for clear, fast-moving water
• Be more careful near populated areas or farmland

Simple Precautions

While natural water sources in Iceland are typically safe, taking simple precautions makes sense:

• Check that water is clear and free of debris
• If you're unsure about a source, use a portable water filter or purification tablets
• Consider the location: remote sources are generally safer than those near roads or settlements
• If you have a sensitive stomach, stick to tap water rather than wild sources

Environmental Impact and Sustainability

Iceland takes water resource management seriously, with sustainability built into its approach.

Does Buying Bottled Water Make Sense?

One of the most unusual sights in Iceland is tourists buying bottled water. This is an unnecessary expense in a country where excellent water flows from every tap, and it also creates plastic waste.

By bringing a reusable water bottle to Iceland, you can:

• Save money (bottled water is expensive in Iceland)
• Reduce plastic waste
• Enjoy better-tasting water than what comes in bottles
• Experience an authentic part of Icelandic culture

Water Conservation Efforts

Despite having plenty of water resources, Iceland doesn't take them for granted. The country uses sustainable water management practices to protect this resource for future generations.

Geothermal energy, which powers much of Iceland's heating and electricity, uses water in a sustainable cycle. After extracting heat from underground sources, the water is often returned to the earth, helping maintain the natural balance.

Practical Tips for Travelers

Here's what you should know about using and enjoying Iceland's water during your visit.

Bring a Reusable Bottle

The best tip for visitors to Iceland is to bring a reusable water bottle. You'll have free access to some of the world's best drinking water everywhere you go. Many hotels, restaurants, and public spaces have water dispensers for refilling bottles.

A standard 500ml bottle of water in Iceland costs around 200-400 ISK ($1.50-$ 3.00), which can add up during a trip. Using tap water is both free and better for the environment.

Hot Water Considerations

If you notice a sulfur smell (like rotten eggs) from the hot water in your shower or sink, it's normal and harmless. This smell comes from the geothermal heating process used throughout Iceland. However, once it turns cold, the taste disappears and becomes unnoticeable.

Conclusion

Iceland's tap water isn't just safe, it's exceptional. With minimal treatment, water straight from pristine glacial and underground sources flows directly to taps across the country. Ranking among the world's best for water quality, Iceland offers visitors a chance to experience truly pure water.

Frequently Asked Questions About Iceland's Tap Water